使用 PowerShell 設定使用者權限(User Right)

前篇文章提到手動賦與 Power Users 群組 Debug Program 使用者權限(User Right)以識別 IIS 程序 AppPool 的做法，但內行人都知道，得轉成批次作業才符合實務需求，否則若一次部署幾百台機器，豈不要設到眼花手軟。

要設計 Windows 管理批次作業，PowerShell 自然是首選。官方沒有現成工具，但 Technet 指令碼中心已有開發者寫好強大的使用者權限管理模組，用過的都說讚，我也真心推薦!

使用方法很簡單，下載 UserRights.psm1，在 Cmder 或 PowerShell 命令列視窗先 Import-Module .\UserRights.psm1，就有多出四個好用指令：

• Get-UserRightsGrantedToAccount 查詢特定帳號或群組被授與的使用者權限
• Get-AccountsWithUserRight 查詢具有特定使用者權限的帳號或群組
• Grant-UserRight 將指定使用者權限授與給特定帳號或群組
• Revoke-UserRight 將指定使用者權限從特定帳號或群組身上移除

以下是完整示範：

1. Import-Module
2. 查詢 Power Users 所具有的權限，順手查詢 Users 具有的權限對照
3. 查詢具有 SeDebugProvilege 權限的帳號或群組，原本只有 Administrators
4. 用 Grant-UserRight 加上 Power Users，再查詢證明 Administrators 跟 Power Users 都有 SeDebugProvilege
5. 用 Revoke-UserRight 移除 Power Users 權限再查一次，SeDebugProvilege 權限又只剩下 Administrators 有

除了在本機執行，加上參數-Host 機器名稱或IP; 可設定遠端機器，超級方便。

操作時需使用 SeDebugPrivilege 這種常數指定使用者權限，常數對照表可在 MS Doc 文件 找到，這裡一併附上方便參考：

Group Policy Setting	Constant Name
Access Credential Manager as a trusted caller	SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege
Access this computer from the network	SeNetworkLogonRight
Act as part of the operating system	SeTcbPrivilege
Add workstations to domain	SeMachineAccountPrivilege
Adjust memory quotas for a process	SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege
Allow log on locally	SeInteractiveLogonRight
Allow log on through Remote Desktop Services	SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight
Back up files and directories	SeBackupPrivilege
Bypass traverse checking	SeChangeNotifyPrivilege
Change the system time	SeSystemtimePrivilege
Change the time zone	SeTimeZonePrivilege
Create a pagefile	SeCreatePagefilePrivilege
Create a token object	SeCreateTokenPrivilege
Create global objects	SeCreateGlobalPrivilege
Create permanent shared objects	SeCreatePermanentPrivilege
Create symbolic links	SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege
Debug programs	SeDebugPrivilege
Deny access to this computer from the network	SeDenyNetworkLogonRight
Deny log on as a batch job	SeDenyBatchLogonRight
Deny log on as a service	SeDenyServiceLogonRight
Deny log on locally	SeDenyInteractiveLogonRight
Deny log on through Remote Desktop Services	SeDenyRemoteInteractiveLogonRight
Enable computer and user accounts to be trusted for delegation	SeEnableDelegationPrivilege
Force shutdown from a remote system	SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege
Generate security audits	SeAuditPrivilege
Impersonate a client after authentication	SeImpersonatePrivilege
Increase a process working set	SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege
Increase scheduling priority	SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege
Load and unload device drivers	SeLoadDriverPrivilege
Lock pages in memory	SeLockMemoryPrivilege
Log on as a batch job	SeBatchLogonRight
Log on as a service	SeServiceLogonRight
Manage auditing and security log	SeSecurityPrivilege
Modify an object label	SeRelabelPrivilege
Modify firmware environment values	SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege
Perform volume maintenance tasks	SeManageVolumePrivilege
Profile single process	SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege
Profile system performance	SeSystemProfilePrivilege
Remove computer from docking station	SeUndockPrivilege
Replace a process level token	SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege
Restore files and directories	SeRestorePrivilege
Shut down the system	SeShutdownPrivilege
Synchronize directory service data	SeSyncAgentPrivilege
Take ownership of files or other objects	SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege

補充：Windows 內建帳號及群組清單

有了這組好用 PowerShell 工具，配合-Host 主機名稱參數跑迴圈能完成主機群組權限批次設定，還可查詢權限狀況並保留證據，權限部署作業將不再是問題。

Tips of how to use PowerShell to query, grant and revoke user rights.